In 2019, scientists in Brazil's Amazonas region discovered a new river dolphin species named the Araguaian Boto. Identified in the Araguaia River basin, this marked the first new river dolphin species discovery since 1918. Researchers estimated around 1,000 individuals inhabit the region. The finding enhances understanding of river dolphin biodiversity and underscores the importance of conservation. It highlights the rich, yet unexplored, diversity of the Amazon Basin, offering significant contributions to biology and science.