In 2011, the energy sector witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of shale gas extraction, commonly known as fracking. This technology allowed for the extraction of natural gas from shale formations through hydraulic fracturing. In the U.S., it led to a surge in natural gas production, reducing import dependency and lowering energy costs. The method catapulted economic growth, creating jobs and promoting a cleaner energy alternative to coal, influencing environmental policies positively.