In 1707, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu became a pioneering advocate for smallpox inoculation after observing the technique in the Ottoman Empire. This early form of vaccination involved the introduction of live virus matter to stimulate immunity. Her promotion of the practice met with skepticism and resistance in England due to safety concerns and religious beliefs. Nevertheless, Lady Montagu's efforts were instrumental in reducing smallpox's impact in Europe and paving the way for modern immunization efforts.